Elements: Air, Fire
Increase: Pitta
Decrease: Kapha and Vata
Found in the Pungent, Sour and Salty tastes
Balanced by Slow, Dull, Heavy, Sweet, Astringent
Action: immediate effect, quick understanding, bio-scraping of fat, causes breaking down, penetrating, secreting, separating, and digesting.
Positive effect: improves digestion and bowl movements, improves learning capabilities, concentration, understanding and deduction, appreciation, comprehension.
In excess: over critical, destruction of tissues, burning sensation, ulcers.
Food representation: black pepper, cayenne pepper, ginger, mainly in spices and herbal medicine.