lements: Air, Earth
Increase: Vata
Decrease: Kapha and Pitta
Found in the Bitter and Pungent tastes
Balanced by Smooth, Sweet
Action: promotes dryness, sharpening, reduction of mass, opening of channels, absorption, causes constipation and gas, cracking of the skin and bones, and creates carelessness and rigidity.
Food representation: raw vegetables, uncooked food, legumes and beans, crackers, rice cakes, fibers, husks and shells.